Marketing e-Word-of-Mouth versus Digital Influencers Marketing in the buying decision of the Millennials

Authors

  • Cristiana Pereira Escola Superior de Comunicação Social - IPL
  • João Ferreira do Rosário Escola Superior de Comunicação Social-Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-8523

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34629/cpublica816

Keywords:

Word-of-Mouth, Digital Influencers Marketing, e-Word-of-Mouth Marketing, tourism, Millennial Generation

Abstract

Winning over millennials has become a difficult task, and having an online presence is not enough to convert them. This article seeks to understand the influence of word-of-mouth marketing and digital influencer marketing on millennials’ intention to purchase tourism services. For this objective, an online questionnaire was made available to obtain a convenience sample of 136 millennials. The results obtained confirmed three of the five research hypotheses: that the millennial consumer likes to share opinions and content via e-word-of-mouth and that their tourism purchasing decision could be influenced by marketing e-word-of-mouth strategies through strangers and acquaintances. It has not been confirmed that digital influencers influence millennials or that digital influencer marketing influences their tourism purchasing process.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Cristiana Pereira, Escola Superior de Comunicação Social - IPL

    Mestre em Publicidade e Marketing pela Escola Superior de Comunicação Social - Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa

  • João Ferreira do Rosário, Escola Superior de Comunicação Social-Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa

    Ph.D. em Gestão pelo ISEG-UTL. Professor-Adjunto de Marketing na Escola Superior de Comunicação Social (ESCS)-Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal. Coordenador do Departamento de Publicidade e Marketing. Coordenador Linha de Investigação ESCS “Comunicação, Estratégias e Criatividade”. Membro do Conselho Técnico-Científico da ESCS. Investigador colaborador no CiTUR – Centro de Investigação Aplicada ao Turismo. Editor. Editor e revisor de publicações científicos. Coordenador português de projetos académicos transeuropeus como Businet HedCom, Businet International Trade Mission, REVE-IP e IP ISTAR-DOT-Erasmus. Coordenador de projetos científicos IDICA-IPL. Membro da equipa do projeto FCT SHIFT. Publicações em marketing, nomeadamente decisões de consumo em mercados de tecnologias e turismo.

References

Aichner, T., Grünfelder, M., Maurer, O. & Jegeni, D. (2021). Twenty-five years of Social Media: A review of social media applications and definitions from 1994 to 2019. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(4), 215–222.

Araújo, T., Neijens, P. & Vliegenthart, R. (2017). Getting the word out on Twitter: the role of influentials, information brokers and strong ties in building word-of-mouth for brands. International Journal of Advertising, 36(3), 496–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2016.1173765.

Bakker, D. (2018). Conceptualising Influencer Marketing. Journal of Emerging Trends in Marketing and Management, 1(1), 79–87. http://www.etimm.ase.ro/RePEc/aes/jetimm/2018/ETIMM_V01_2018_57.pdf.

Barnhart, B. (2022). Word-of-mouth marketing: how to drive conversations and sales at the same time. BigCommerce. https://sproutsocial.com/insights/word-of-mouth-marketing-strategy/.

Barreiro, T., Dinis, G. & Breda, Z. (2019). Marketing de influência e influenciadores digitais: aplicação do conceito pelas DMO em Portugal. Marketing & Tourism Review, 4(1).

Bognar, Z., Puljic, N. & Kadezabek, D. (2019). Impact of influencer marketing on consumer behavior. 42nd International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development, 301-309.

Brown, D. & Fiorella, S. (2013). Influence Marketing: How to create, manage, and measure brand influencers in social media marketing. QUE.

Castela, A. & Costa, C. (2019). Tão diferentes e tão iguais: Os Millennials e a mobilidade no turismo. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 32, 51–64.

Glover, M. (2022). Word of Mouth Marketing in 2022: How to create a strategy for social media buzz & skyrocket referral sales. BigCommerce. https://www.bigcommerce.com/blog/word-of-mouth-marketing/#what-is-word-of-mouth-marketing/.

Gómez, R. (2019). Digital fame and fortune in the age of Social Media: A Classification of social media influencers. aD Research Esic, 19, 8–29. https://doi.org/10.7263/adresic-019-01.

Haenlein, M., Anadol, E., Farnsworth, T., Hugo, H., Hunichen, J. & Welte, D. (2020). Navigating the new era of influencer marketing: How to be successful on Instagram, TikTok, & Co. SAGE Journals, 63(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125620958166.

Han, J. & Chen, H. (2022). Millennial social media users’ intention to travel: the moderating role of social media influencer following behavior. International Hospitality Review, 36(2), 340–357. https://doi.org/10.1108/IHR-11-2020-0069.

Huete-Alcocer, N. (2017) A literature review of Word of Mouth and electronic Word of Mouth: Implications for consumer behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01256.

Ismagilova, E., Slade, E. L., Rana, N. P. & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019). The effect of electronic Word of Mouth communications on intention to buy: A meta-analysis. Information Systems Frontiers, 22, 1203–1126.

Ismail, A., Zainordin, N., & Aziz, Y. (2023). The impacts of destination personality and electronic Word-of-Mouth on tourists destination choice. International Journal of Economics and Management, 17(2), 197–209.

Jan, A., Khan, M., Ajmal, M. M. & Patwary, A.K. (2023). From traditional advertising to digital marketing: exploring electronic word of mouth through a theoretical lens in the hospitality and tourism industry. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, Vol. [no prelo] No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-08-2022-0199.

JASP Team. (2024). JASP (Version 0.18.3). [Software de Estatística].

Juvan, E., Omerzel, D. & Maravi ć, M. (2017). Tourist behavior: An overview of models to date. Management International Conference.

Kapitan, S. & Silvera, D. (2016). From digital media influencers to celebrity endorsers:mAttributions drive endorser effectiveness. Marketing Letters: A Journal of Research in Marketing, 27(3), 553–567.

Ketter, E. (2019). Millennial travel: tourism micro-trends of European Generation Y. Journal of Tourism Futures, 7(2), 192–196.

Koczanski, P. & Rosen, H. (2019). Are Millennials really so selfish? Preliminary evidence from the Philanthropy Panel Study. Griswold Center for Economic Policy Studies, 254, 1-28.

Koss, H. (2021). Here’s how Word-of-mouth Marketing works. Built in. https://builtin.com/marketing/word-of-mouth-marketing.

Kostic, S. C., Ivanovic, A. & Okanovic, M. (2018). Influencer Marketing in a social media context. Doing Business in the Digital Age: Challenges, Approaches and Solutions, 521–526.

Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Saunders, J. & Wong, V. (2002). Principles of marketing. Pearson.

Li, F., Larimo, J. & Leonidou, L. (2020). Social media marketing strategy: definition, conceptualization, taxonomy, validation, and future agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49, 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00733-3.

Loubach, M. B., Madeira, P. A. & Coelho., M. A. (2019, 8 de novembro). Os Influenciadores Digitais como uma nova Estratégia de Marketing Turístico. XIII Congresso Internacional de Linguagem e Tecnologia Online. (online).

McMillen, J. (2021). Word of mouth marketing and testimonials are an extremely effective way to promote your products. Yotpo. https://www.yotpo.com/resources/word-of-mouth-marketing/.

Moreira, I., Stenzel, P., Lopes, J. M. & Oliveira, J. (2021). Os influenciadores digitais contribuem com sucesso para reduzir a lacuna entre clientes e empresas? Brazilian Business Review, 18(6), 662-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2021.18.6.4.

Newberry, C. (2021). Influencer Marketing guide: How to work with influencers. Hootsuite. https://blog.hootsuite.com/influencer-marketing/#1_Determine_your_goals.

Pinto, C. (2018). Youtubers & Millennials: eles têm o poder!!!. Distribuição Hoje. https://www.distribuicaohoje.com/consumo/eles-tem-o-poder/.

Prado, L. A. & Frogeri, R. F., (2017). Marketing de Influência um novo caminho para o Marketing por meio dos Digital Influencers. Revista de Ensino, Pesquisa e extensão. 19(2), 43–58. https://periodicos.unis.edu.br/index.php/interacao/article/view/136/122.

Reis, C. (2019). Digitalização do turismo: as vantagens e desvantagens para o mundo do trabalho. E-konomista. https://www.e-konomista.pt/digitalizacao-do-turismo/.

Richards, G. & Morrill, W. (2019). Motivations of global Millennial travelers. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 14(1), 126–139.

Rosario, A. B., Valck, K. & Sotgiu, F. (2019). Conceptualizing the electronic word-of-mouth process: What we know and need to know about eWoM creation, exposure, and evaluation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48, 422–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00706-1.

Schaefer, M. (2018). What’s the difference between influencer marketing and word of mouth marketing? Mark Schaefer. Rise above the noise. https://businessesgrow.com/2018/11/12/difference-between-influencer-marketing-and-word-of-mouth-marketing/.

Silaban, P. H., Chen, W. K., Sormin, S., B. P. Panjaitan, Y. N. & Silalahi, A. D. K. (2023). How does electronic word of mouth on Instagram affect travel behaviour in Indonesia: A perspective of the information adoption model. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2163525.

Smith, D., Leonis, T., & Anandavalli, S. (2021). Belonging and loneliness in cyberspace: impacts of social media on adolescents’ well-being. Australian Journal of Psychology, 73, 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1898914.

Sofronov, B. (2018). Millennials: A new trend for the tourism industry. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 18(3), 109–122.

Souto, T., Oliveira, E. & Ferreira, I. E. (2021). O comportamento do consumidor em tempos de influenciadores digitais. Brazilian Journal of Development, 7(3), 30129–30150. https://www.brazilianjournals.com/index.php/BRJD/article/view/26984/21344.

Subramanian, K. R. (2018). Social media and the Word of Mouth publicity. International Research Journal of Advance Engineering and Science, 3(2), 95–100.

Sukharaj, R. (2022). 7 Must-have word-of-mouth marketing strategies. The Ultimate Inbound Marketing Strategy Playbook. https://www.impactplus.com/blog/word-of-mouth-marketing-strategies-infographic.

Syed, T., Mehmood, F. & Qaiser, T. (2021, novembro). Brand-Smi collaborations in Influencer Marketing campaigns: a transaction cost economics perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 192, 122580, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122580.

Tellis, G., MacInnis, D. J., Tirunillai, S. & Zhang, Y. (2019). What drives virality (sharing) of online digital content? The critical role of information, emotion and brand prominence. Journal of marketing, 83(4), 1–20.

Verma, A. & Yadav, N. (2020). Past, present, and future of Electronic Word of Mouth (EWoM). Journal of Interactive Marketing, 53, 111–128.

Vodák, J., Novysecdlák M., Cakanova, L. & Pekar, M. (2019). Who is influencer and how to choose the right one to improve brand reputation? Managing Global Transitions, University of Primorska, 17(2), 149–162.

Waldt, D., Loggerenberg, M., & Wehmeyer, L. (2011). Celebrity endorsements versus created spokespersons in advertising: a survey among students. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 12(1), 100-114. doi:https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i1.263

Yaman, Z. (2018). The effect of Word of Mouth Marketing on the purchase behavior via brand image and perceived quality. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 14(2), 175–182.

Published

2024-06-28

Issue

Section

Special Issue - Techvolution: Exploring the nexus of new technologies, consumers and marketing

How to Cite

Marketing e-Word-of-Mouth versus Digital Influencers Marketing in the buying decision of the Millennials. (2024). Comunicação Pública, 19(36). https://doi.org/10.34629/cpublica816