New subjectivity and normative objectivity
A case study with communication sciences students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34629/cpublica.81Keywords:
communication sciences, journalism, subjectivityAbstract
This article presents the results of a research developed involving communication sciences students, having as a theoretical framework of reference the epistemological nature of subjectivity, to question the truth and accuracy as structural elements of journalistic credibility. The data reveals that, at the beginning of the degree, students consider that the news is objective and true, having finished their degree acknowledging the inevitability of subjectivity, nonetheless anchored in normative procedures that ensure the necessary accuracy. Respondents, who are now professional journalists, are demotivated by the lack of resources related to multiple requests and the frailty of editing and monitoring mechanisms of the facts. This context corresponds to the blurring of the boundaries between the subjectivity of the news as a social construction and the necessary methodological objectivity.
Downloads
References
Abbott, J. (2017). Tensions in the scholarship on participatory journalism and citizen journalism. Annals of the International Communication Association, 41(3-4). DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2017.1350927.
Adorno, T. W. & Horkheimer (1997) [1947]. Dilectic of Enlightenment. Verso.
Alsina, M. R. (1997). Por un uso critico de la prensa. La construcción periodística de la realidade social. Signos Teoría y prática de la educación, 20-24.
Ash, T. G. (2017). Liberdade de Expressão: Dez Princípios para Um Mundo Interligado. Temas e Debates.
Bardin, L. (2000). Análise de conteúdo. Edições 70.
Bauman, Z. (2007). Tempos Líquidos. Zahar.
Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. Free Press.
Berger, P. L. & Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality - A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Anchor.
Borger, M., van Hoof, A., Meijer, I., Sanders, J. (2013). Constructing participatory journalism as a scholarly object – A genealogical analysis. Digital Journalism, 1(1), 117-134.
Burke, P. (2000). A social history of knowledge – From Gutenberg to Diderot. Polity Press.
Cardet, R. (1979). Manual de Jornalismo. Caminho.
Casero-Ripollés, A., Marcos-Gracía, S., Alonso-Muñoz, L. (2020). News formats for local journalism in the era of social media and big data: From transmedia to storytelling. Journalistic Metamorphosis, Springer, 69-83.
Chiluwa, I.E. & Samoilenko; S.A. (edits.) (2019). Deception, Fake News, and Misinformations Online. IGI Global.
Cohen, S. & Young, J. (edits.) (1973). The Manufacture of news: Social Problems, Deviance and Mass Media. Constable.
Deuze, M. (2008). The Changing Context of News Work: Liquid Journalism and Monitorial Citizenship. International Journal of Communications, 2, 848-865.
Donsbach, W., Klett, B. (1993). Subjective objectivity. How journalists in four countries define a key term of their profession. International Communications Gazette, 51(53), 53-83.
Galison, P. (2005). The Journalist, the scientist, and objectivity, in: Padovani, F., Richardson, A., Tsou, J.Y. (edits). Objectivity in Science – New Perspectives from Science and Techology Studies. Springer.
Garcia-Orosa, B., Vászquez-Herrero, J., López-Garcia, X. (2020). Journalism in digital native media: Beyond technological determinismo. Media and Communication, 2, 5-15.
Ghiglione, R.; Matalon, B. (1992). O Inquérito, teoria e prática. Celta Editora.
Granado, A.; Santos-Silva, D.; Vicente, P. N. (2020). Inovação nos media e nas indústrias criativas limítrofes – Uma introdução. Media & Jornalismo, 36(20), 5-9
Gronke, P. & Cook, T.E. (2007). Disdaining the media: The American public’s changing attitudes toward the news. Political Communications, 24(3), 259-281.
Habermas, J. (1985). The Theory of Communicative Action – Reason and the Rationalizations of Society, vol.1. Beacon Press.
Hanitzsch, T., van Dalen, A. & Steindl, N. (2018). Caught in the nexus: A comparative and longitudinal analysis of public trust in the press. International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(1), 3-23.
Henry, J. (2010). Transmedia Storytelling and Entertainment: An annotated syllabus, Continuum, 24(6), 943-958, DOI: 10.1080/10304312.2010.510599
Innerarity, D. (2019). Política para Perplexos. Porto: Porto Editora.
Inquérito aos Jornalistas, CIES-IUL/SJ 2016. Edição OberCom, Fevereiro de 2017.
Kakutani, M. (2018) The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump. Tim Duggan Books.
Kaplan, A. (1943). Content analysis and the theory of signs. Philosophy of Science, 10(4), 230-247.
Kovach, B. & Rosenstiel, T. (2001). The Elements of Journalism. Atlantic Books.
Lewis, S.C. (2019). Lack of trust in the news media, institutional weakness, and relational journalism as a potential way forward. Journalism, 20(1), 44-47.
Lippman, W. (1997 [1922]). Public Opinion. Routledge.
Marwick, A., Lewis, R. (2011). Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online. Data & Society Research Institute.
McAdams, R.H. (1997). The origin, development, and regulation of norms. Michigan Law Review, 96, 338-433.
Mesquita, M. (2003). Quarto Equívoco – O poder dos media na sociedade contemporânea. Edições Minerva.
Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. The Penguin Books.
Poirier, J.; Clapier-Valladon, S.; Raybaut, P. (1995). Histórias de vida – Teoria e Prática. Celta Editora.
Postema, S., Deuze, M. (2020). Artistic Journalism: Confluence in forms, values and practices. Journalism Studies, 21(20), 1305-1322.
Rädiker, S., Kuckartz, U. (2020). Análisis de datos culitativos con MAXQDA. MAXQDA Press.
Robinson, S. (2019). Crisis of shared public discourses: Journalism and how it all begins and ends with trust. Journalism, 20(1), 56-59.
Roulston, K. (2014). Analysing interviews. In The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (pp. 297-312). SAGE Publications Ltd, https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243
Santos-Silva, D. (2021). Paradigmatic innovation in European cultural journalism: the pursuit of sustainability. The Journal of Media Innovation, 7(1), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.5617/jomi.6523
Schudson, M. (2001). The objectivity norm in American journalism. Journalism, 2(2), 149-170.
Signates, L. (2016). O jornalismo como dispositivo comunicacional. In A. T. Morares, J. F. Maia & S. J. P. Farias (orgs), Estudos Contemporâneos em Jornalismo (pp. 39-61). UFG/FIC.
Storsul, T., Krumsvik, A.H. (2013). What is Media inovation? In T. Storsul & A.H. Krumsvik (Red.), Media Innovations. A multidisciplinary study of change (pp.13-26 ). Nordicom
Stovall, J. G. (2004). Journalism: Who, What, When, Why And How. Pearson.
Streckfuss, R. (1990). Objectivity in journalism: A search and a Reassessment. Journalism Quarterly, 67(4), 973-983.
Thussu, D. K. (2007), News as Entertainment – The rise global infotainment. SAGE Publications.
Tuchman, G. (1991). “A objectividade como ritual estratégico: uma análise das noções de objectividade dos jornalistas”. In N. Traquina (org.). Jornalismo: questões, teorias e estórias (pp. 74-90). Vega.
Turow, J. (2003). Media Today: An Introduction to Mass Communications. Houghton Mifflin.
Verón, E. (2010). Construir el acontecimimento. Gedisa.
Wahl-Jorgensen, K., Hanitzsch, T. (2020). The handbook of journalism studies. Routledge.
Watson, J. (2003). Media Communication: An Introduction to Theory and Process. Palgrave Macmillan.
Watzlawick, P. (1991). A Realidade é Real?. Relógio d’Água.
Wolf, M. (1994). Teorias da Comunicação. Presença.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Comunicação Pública
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Os conteudos da Comunicação Publica estão licenciados com uma licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
