Music in advertising
composing the relationship between brand and consumer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4000/cp.1181Keywords:
music, music congruency, self-connection, relationship with music, relationship with brandAbstract
This research aims to understand the relationship of music congruence with the advertising (message, advertising and product) and the sponsoring brand in building self-connection – relations type between brands and consumers. Resorting to the advertising spot released by 7Up in 2013 and to the implementation of an online questionnaire, this study included a quantitative correlational method of research.
The results of this research showed that there is a relationship between self-connection and music congruency with the advertising, only through the ad and ad message. The variable “relationship with music” did not reveal a moderating effect.
Downloads
References
Alpert, J. I., Alpert, M. I. (1990). Music influences on mood and purchase intentions. Psychology & Marketing, vol. 7: 109-133. DOI : 10.1002/mar.4220070204
Areni, C.S., Kim, D. (1993). The influence of background music on shopping behavior: Classical versus top-forty music in a wine store. Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 20: 336-340.
Aron, A., Norman, C.C., Aron, E.N, McKenna, C., Heyman, R.E. (2000). Couples’ shared participation in novel and arousing activities and experienced relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 78: 273-284.
Baumeister, R.F. (1999. The self in social psychology. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
Belk, R.W. (1988). Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 15: 139-168. DOI : 10.1086/209154
Beverland, M.B., Lim, E., Morrison, M., Terziovski, M. (2006). In-store music and consumer-brand relationships: relational transformation following experiences of (mis)fit. Journal of Business Research, vol. 59: 982-989. DOI : 10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.07.001
Binet, L., Müllensiefen, D., Edwards, P. (2013). The power of music. Admap, October: 10-13.
Branthwaite, A., Ware, R. (1997). The role of music in advertising. Admap, July/August.
Bruner, G.C. (1990). Music, mood and marketing. Journal of Marketing, vol. 54: 94-104. DOI : 10.1177/002224299005400408
Chaplin, L.N., John, D.R. (2005). The development of self-brand connections in children and adolescents. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 32: 119-129. DOI : 10.1086/426622
Drigotas, S.M., Rusbult, C.E. (1992). Should I stay or should I go? a dependence model of breakups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 62: 62-87. DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.62.1.62
Escalas, J.E. (2004). Narrative processing: building consumer connections to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, vol. 14: 168-180. DOI : 10.1207/s15327663jcp1401&2_19
Escalas, J.E., Bettman, J.R. (2003). You are what they eat: the influence of reference groups on consumers’ connections to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, vol. 13: 339-348. DOI : 10.1207/S15327663JCP1303_14
________ (2005). Self-construal, reference groups, and brand meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 32: 378-389.
Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 24: 343-373. DOI : 10.1086/209515
Fournier, S. (2008). Lessons learned about consumers’ relationships with brand. In: MacInnis, D.J., Park, C.W., Priester, J.R. (ed.) Handbook of Brand Relationships, New York, Society for Consumer Psychology: 5-23.
Fournier, S., Alvarez, C. (2012). Brands as relationship partners: warmth, competence and in-between. Journal of Consumer Psychology, vol. 22: 177-185. DOI : 10.1016/j.jcps.2011.10.003
Galan, J.-P. (2009a). Music and responses to advertising: the effects of musical characteristics, likability and congruency. Recherche et Applications en Marketing, vol. 24: 3-22. DOI : 10.1177/205157070902400401
Galan, J.P. (2009b). Antécédents de la réponse affective à la musique dans le cadre d’un festival de Jazz. In: Journées de Recherche en Marketing de Bourgogne. Dijon, 12 Novembre: 14-37.
Garlin, F.V., Owen, K. (2006). Setting the tone with the tune: a meta-analytic review of the effects of background music in retail settings. Journal of Business Research, vol. 59: 755-764. DOI : 10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.01.013
Guéguen, N., Jacob, C. (2010). Music congruency and consumer behaviour: an experimental field study. International Bulletin of Business Administration, vol. 9: 56-63.
Hahn, M., Hwang, I. (1999). Effects of tempo and familiarity of background music on message processing in TV advertising: a resource-matching perspective. Psychology and Marketing, vol. 16: 659-675.
Hecker, S. (1984). Music for advertising effect. Psychology & Marketing, vol. 4: 3-8. DOI : 10.1002/mar.4220010303
Heath, R. (2012). Seducing the Subconscious: The Psychology of Emotional Influence in Advertising, John Wiley & Sons.
Hinde, R.A. (1979). Towards Understanding Relationships. London: Academic Press.
Hoyer, W.D., Srivastava, R.K., Jacoby, J. (1984). Sources of miscomprehension in television advertising. Journal of Advertising, vol. 13: 17-26. DOI : 10.1080/00913367.1984.10672883
Hung, K. (2000). Narrative music in congruent and incongruent TV advertising. Journal of Advertising, vol. 29, p. 25-34. DOI : 10.1080/00913367.2000.10673601
Kellaris, J.J., Cox, A.D., Cox, D. (1993). The effects of background music on ad processing: A contingency explanation. Journal of Marketing, vol. 57: 114-125.
Keller, K.L. (2008). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity. (4.ª ed.). Prentice Hall.
Kleine, S. S., Kleine, R.E., Allen, C.T. (1995). How is a possession "Me" or "Not Me"? characterizing typed and an antecedent of material possession attachment. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 22: 327-343.
Kressman, F., Sirgy, M.J., Herrmann, A., Huber, F., Huber, S., Lee, D.J. (2006). Direct and indirect effects of self-image congruence on brand loyalty. Journal of Business Research, vol. 59: 955-964.
Lavack, A.M., Thakor, M.V., Bottausci, I. (2008). Music-brand congruency in high- and low-cognition radio advertising. International Journal of Advertising, vol. 27: 549-568.
Lydon, J., Zanna, M. (1990). Commitment in the face of adversity: A value-affirmation approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 58: 1040-1047. DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1040
MacInnis, D.J., Park, C.W. (1991). The differential role of characteristics of music on high- and low-involvement consumers’ processing of ads. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 18: 161-173. DOI : 10.1086/209249
Mantel, S. P., Kellaris, J.J. (2003). Cognitive determinants of consumers’ time perceptions: The impact of resources required and available. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 29 (March): 531-538. DOI : 10.1086/346248
Markus, H.R., Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, vol. 98: 224-253. DOI : 10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 16: 310-321. DOI : 10.1086/209217
Mittal, B. (2006). I, me and mine: How products become consumers’ extended selves. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, vol. 5: 550-562. DOI : 10.1002/cb.202
Moore, D.J., Homer, P.M. (2008). Self-brand connections: The role of attitude strength and autobiographical memory primes. Journal of Business Research, vol. 61: 707-714. DOI : 10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.09.002
Morris, J.D., Boone, M.A. (1998). The effects on emotional response, brand attitude, and purchase intent in an emotional advertising condition. Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 25: 518-526.
North, A.C., Hargreaves, D.J., McKendrick, J. (1999). The effect of music on in-store wine selections. Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 84: 271-276.
North, A.C., McKenzie, L.C., Law, R.M., Hargreaves, D.J. (2004). The effects of musical and voice “fit” on responses to advertisements. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 34: 1675-1708.
Oakes, S. (2007). Evaluating empirical research into music in advertising: A congruity perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 47: 38-50. DOI : 10.2501/S0021849907070055
Pastorino, E., Doyle-Portillo, S. (2013). What Is Psychology?: Essentials. 2.ª ed., Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Pratt, C.C. (1968). The Meaning of Music: A Study in Psychological Aesthetics. New York: Johnson.
Purkey, W. (1988). An overview of self-concept theory for counselors. Educational Psychology Interactive. [Internet] Disponível em < http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/files/selfconc.html> [Consult. 10 de Novembro de 2013].
Rafi, A., Ahsan, M., Saboor, F., Hafeez, S., Usman, M. (2011). Knowledge metrics of brand equity: Critical measure of brand attachment and brand attitude strength. Asian Journal of Business Management, vol. 3: 294-298.
Richins, M.L. (1994). Valuing things: The public and private meanings of possessions. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 21: 504-521. DOI : 10.1086/209414
Rifon, N. J., Choi, S.M., Trimble, C.S., Li, H. (2004). Congruence effects in sponsorship. Journal of Advertising, vol. 33: 29-42.
Rook, D.W. (1985). The ritual dimension of consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 12: 251-264. DOI : 10.1086/208514
Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the Self. New York: Basic Books.
Scott, L.M. (1990). Understanding jingles and needledrop: A rethorical approach to music in advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 17: 223-236. DOI : 10.1086/208552
Sirgy, M.J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 9: 287-300. DOI : 10.1086/208924
Stewart, D.W., Farmer, K.M., Stannard, C.I. (1990). Music as a recognition cue in advertising-tracking studies. Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 30: 39-48.
Stewart, D.W., Punj, G.N. (1998). Effects of using a non-verbal (musical) cue on recall and playback of television advertising: Implications for advertising tracing. Journal of Business Research, vol. 42: 39-51.
Stout, P.A., Leckenby, J.D. (1988). Let the music play: Music as a nonverbal element in television commercials. In: Hecker, S., Stewart, D.W. ed. Nonverbal Communication in Advertising, Lexington, MA, Lexington Books: 207-233.
Weiten, W., Dunn, D.S., Hammer, E.Y. (2012). Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustments in the 21st Century. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Yeoh, J.P.S., North, A.C. (2010). The effects of musical fit on consumers’ ability to freely recall related products. Empiral Musicology Review, vol. 5: 3-9. DOI : 10.18061/1811/45168
Zander, M.F. (2006). Musical influences in advertising: How music modifies first impressions of product endorsers and brands. Psychology of Music, vol. 34: 465-480. DOI : 10.1177/0305735606067158
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Os conteudos da Comunicação Publica estão licenciados com uma licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.