“É complicado, mas simplificamos”: Análise do enquadramento da literacia mediática em projetos do Fundo de Apoio aos Media da Letónia (2018-2020)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34629/cpublica.513Palavras-chave:
literacia mediática e de informação, abordagem metajornalística, epistemologia do jornalismo, modelo ideológico de literacia, jornalismo de EstadoResumo
Este estudo examina o enquadramento das questões de literacia mediática e de informação em projetos financiados pelo Fundo de Apoio aos Media da Letónia, discutindo-se a qualidade profissional dos conteúdos relacionados com a literacia mediática e de informação (LMI) com os beneficiários do projeto e especialistas em media. O estudo emprega o modelo ideológico de literacia, vinculando-o a uma abordagem metajornalística, para explorar as mudanças na epistemologia profissional jornalística relacionadas com a LMI. Empregando três conjuntos de dados (inquéritos a jornalistas e editores, análise do enquadramento dos conteúdos LMI e entrevistas semiestruturadas qualitativas), a investigação conclui que a representação da LMI nos media comerciais é principalmente superficial e não é oferecido ao público o alcance das competências da LMI apropriadas para o entendimento do seu contexto. Os conteúdos relativos a LMI nos media são representados através de um enquadramento educacional, de advertência e formal da LMI.
Downloads
Referências
Ashley, S., Maksl, A., & Craft, S. (2013). Developing a news media literacy scale. Journalism & mass communication educator, 68, 7-21.
Ashley, S. (2015). Media literacy in action? What are we teaching in introductory college media studies courses? Journalism & mass communication educator, 70(2), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695815572191.
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health, 11(4), 589-597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806.
Candlin, C. N. (2014). General editor’s preface. In B. L. Gunnarsson, P. Linell, & B. Nordberg (Eds.), The construction of professional discourse (pp. viii-xiv). Routledge.
Carlson, M. (2016). Metajournalistic discourse and the meanings of journalism: Definitional control, boundary work, and legitimation. Communication theory, 26(4), 349-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12088.
Central Statistical Bureau. (2021). Statistical Yearbook of Latvia. https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/economy/national-accounts/publications-and-infographics/7251-statistical-yearbook.
Christ, W. G. (2004). Assessment, media literacy standards, and higher education. American Behavioral Scientist, 48, 92-96.
Clark, L. S. (2013). Cultivating the media activist: How critical media literacy and critical service learning can reform journalism education. Journalism, 14(7), 885-903. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913478361.
Chu, D. & Lee, A. Y. L. (2014). Media education initiatives by media organizations: The uses of media literacy in Hong Kong media. Journalism & mass communication educator, 69(2), 127-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695813517884.
Ekström, M. & Westlund, O. (2019). Epistemology and journalism. In Oxford Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.806.
Ekström, M., Lewis, S. C., & Westlund, O. (2020). Epistemologies of digital journalism and the study of misinformation. New media & society, 22(2), 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819856914.
Elmborg, J. (2012). Critical information literacy: Definitions and challenges. In C. W. Wilkinson & C. Bruch (Eds.), Transforming information literacy programs: Intersecting frontiers of self, library culture, and campus community (No. 64) (pp. 75-80). Association of College and Research Libraries.
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured, paradigm. Journal of communication, 43(4), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x.
Ferrucci, P. (2018). Mo “Meta” Blues: How popular culture can act as metajournalistic discourse. International journal of communication, 12, 4821-4838.
Jones-Jang, S. M., Mortensen, T., & Liu, J. (2021). Does media literacy help identification of fake news? Information literacy helps, but other literacies don’t. American behavioral scientist, 65(2), 371-388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219869406.
Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: Media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, culture & society, 33(2), 211-221.
Lastovskis, F. (2022, September 22). Biju audzināts, ka tu taču esi «russkij» – pieminekļa Uzvaras parkā vairs nav, tā apmeklētāji paliek [I was taught up that you are "Russian" – the monument in Victory Park is no longer there, the visitors remain]. LSM. https://lr1.lsm.lv/lv/raksts/atvertie-faili/96-bija-ieaudzinats-ka-tu-esi-ruskijs.-pieminekla-vairs-nav-apme.a166197/.
Latvijas Fakti (LF). (2021). Pētījums par Latvijas iedzīvotāju medijpratību un mediju lietošanas paradumiem [Study on media literacy and media usage patterns of Latvian population]. NEPLP. https://www.neplpadome.lv/lv/assets/documents/Petijumi/Pētījums_par_Latvijas_iedzīvotāju_medijpratību_un_mediju_satura_lietošanas_paradumiem_2021.pdf.
Latvijas Fakti (LF). 2020. Latvijas iedzīvotāju medijpratība [Media Literacy of Latvian population]. Kultūras Ministrija. https://www.km.gov.lv/lv/prezentacijas-un-petijumi
Leaning, M. (2017). Media and information literacy. An integrated approach. Kidlington. Chandos Publishing/Elsevier Ltd.
Livingstone, S. (2004). Media literacy and the challenge of new information and communication technologies. The communication review, 7, 3-14.
LR Kultūras ministrija. (n.d.). Mediju politika [Media politics]. Kultūras ministrija https://www.km.gov.lv/lv/mediju-politika/atbildes-uz-biezak-uzdotajiem-jautajumiem.
LSM/LETA (2022, May 3). Aptauja: Latvijā krievvalodīgo vidē atbalsts Krievijai saistībā ar karu Ukrainā aprīlī sarucis [Survey: Support for Russia among Russian-speakers in Latvia has decreased in connection with the war in Ukraine in April]. LSM. https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/latvija/aptauja-latvija-krievvalodigo-vide-atbalsts-krievijai-saistiba-ar-karu-ukraina-aprili-sarucis.a455039/.
Mārtinsone, K., Pipere, A., & Kamerāde, D. (2016). Pētniecība: teorija un prakse [The Reseach: Theory and Practice]. RaKa.
Mihailidis, P. (2005). Media literacy in journalism/mass communication education: Can the United States learn from Sweden? Journalism & mass communication educator, 60(4), 415-428. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769580506000409.
Mihailidis, P. (2009). Beyond cynicism: Media education and civic learning outcomes in the university. International journal of learning and media, 1(3), 19-31.
Mihailidis, P. & Viotty, S. (2017). Spreadable spectacle in digital culture: Civic expression, fake news, and the role of media literacies in “post-fact” society. American behavioral scientist, 61(4), 441-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217701217.
Ministru Kabinets. (2016). Latvijas mediju politikas pamatnostādnes 2016.-2020.gadam (2016) [Guidelines of Latvia’s media politics 2016 – 2020]. https://likumi.lv/ta/id/286455-par-latvijas-mediju-politikas-pamatnostadnem-2016-2020-gadam.
Murschetz, P. C. (2019). State-supported journalism economics. In T. Vos & V. Hanusch (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of journalism studies. John Wiley & Sons.
Perreault, M. F. & Perreault, G. P. (2021). Journalists on COVID-19 Journalism: Communication ecology of pandemic reporting. American behavioral scientist, 65(7), 976-991. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764221992813.
Rožukalne, A., Skulte, I., & Stakle, A. (2020). Media education in the common interest: Public perceptions of media literacy policy in Latvia. Central european journal of communication, 13(2/26), 202-229. https://doi.org/10.19195/1899-5101.13.2(26).4.
Singh, N. & Banga, G. (2022). Media and information literacy for developing resistance to ‘infodemic’: lessons to be learnt from the binge of misinformation during COVID-19 pandemic. Media, culture & society, 44(1), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437211060201.
Skippage, R. (2020). The role of public service media in the fight against disinformation? Reuters Institute. University of Oxford. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-02/RISJ_Final%20Report_RebeccaS_2020.pdf.
Skola 2030. (n.d.) Mācību priekšmetu programmas pamatizglītībā [School 2030. Subject programs in primary education]. Skola2030. http://www.skola2030.lv/lv.
Steensen, S. (2019). Journalism’s epistemic crisis and its solution: Disinformation, datafication and source criticism. Journalism, 20(1), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918809271.
Street, B. V. (1984). Literacy in theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.
Street, B. (1994). Cross-cultural perspectives on literacy. In L. T. Verhoeven (Ed.), Functional literacy: Theoretical issues and educational implications (pp. 95-111). John Benjamins, Publishing Company.
Street, B. (2006). Autonomous and ideological models of literacy: Approaches from New Literacy Studies. Media anthropology network, 17, 1-15.
Trültzsch-Wijnen, C. W., Murru, M. F., & Papaioannou, T. (2017). Definitions and values of media and information literacy in a historical context. In D. Frau-Meigs, I. Velez, & J. F. Michel (Eds.), Public policies in media and information literacy in Europe: cross-country comparisons (pp. 95-115). Taylor & Francis.
UNESCO. (2013). Media and information literacy: policy and strategy guidelines. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000225606.
UNESCO. (2019). Media and information literacy. https://en.unesco.org/themes/media-and-information-literacy.
de Wreese, C. (2005). News framing: theory and typology. Information design journal, 13(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1075/idjdd.13.1.06vre.
Xiao, X., Su, Y., & Lee, D. K. L. (2021). Who consumes new media content more wisely? Examining personality factors, SNS use, and new media literacy in the era of misinformation. Social media + society. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121990635.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2022 Comunicação Pública
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0.
Os conteudos da Comunicação Publica estão licenciados com uma licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
