Severity and prognosis in stroke: scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25758/set.2218Keywords:
Stroke, Severity, Prognosis, Scoping reviewAbstract
Background – Stroke has shown a stable incidence rate and an important decrease in mortality rate, which corresponds to an increase in the survival prevalence. Knowledge of functional changes, stroke severity, and strategies to evaluate dysfunction after stroke, ease the conception of a rehabilitation plan, with objectives for health professionals, stroke patients, and their families. Stroke severity is related to neurologic, motor, function, and daily activities changes. More severe neurological, motor or functional abnormalities predict a more difficult and longer recovery. Prognosis determination in stroke patients encompasses not only the risk of death in the short term but also the probability of recovering function in the long term. Aim(s) – To evaluate the existing information about stroke severity and prognosis. Methods – The scoping review was based on six steps of Arksey & O’Malley’s (2005) methodology: 1) identifying the research question; 2) systematic search; 3) selection of publications; 4) charting the data; 5) collating, summarizing and reporting the results; 6) consultation (optional). Results – A total of 47 observational studies were analyzed. For 95% of authors, severity is the number of neurological deficits presented by individuals after stroke and was assessed through specific measurement instruments for neurological deficits (76% of authors used NIHSS in their methodology). Stroke prognosis is related to the functionality affected (89%); the probability of dead/mortality rate (54%); and referral after discharge (15%). Prognosis may be influenced by sociodemographic factors, clinical factors, and some comorbidity, among others. Conclusion – Severity and prognostic studies in stroke may not reflect the individual's actual condition and mislead the use of these concepts, in reality, influencing the expected prognosis.
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