Chrononutrition and sleep patterns in healthcare professionals working in shifts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25758/set.945Keywords:
Chrononutrition, Circadian misalignment, Night shift, Nutrition, Physical activity, SleepAbstract
Background – Over the years, living organisms biologically evolved, developing circadian rhythms. Health professionals usually work night shifts, being exposed to artificial light, working and eating during circadian night, which increases the risk of circadian misalignment. Objectives – This narrative review aims to assess the impact of shift work on nutrition, sleep quality, and physical activity and describe nutritional strategies to promote circadian adaptation. Methods – We search PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for publications on this topic. Results – Shift workers have poor quality sleep patterns, eat food during the night, and have reduced time to exercise. The manipulation of factors that support circadian adaptation to shift work, such as nutrition, is crucial. Night fasting, eating small and several meals during the shift, and including protein in meals during and before the shift appear to be potential strategies with benefits. In the scope of this theme, we present the CRO-NutS protocol, a study funded by Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (IPL/IDI&CA2024/CRO-NutS_ESTeSL). This study aims to relate chronotype and eating and sleeping patterns, nutritional status, energy balance, and physical activity in shift work health, to adapt nutrition, implement strategies to reduce the risks of exposure to artificial light, and promote a more restful sleep pattern. Conclusion – Changes in circadian rhythm are potential causes of increased health risks associated with shift work. Although there are several nutritional recommendations for shift workers, these guidelines don’t reflect the most recent scientific evidence, making it imperative to deepen and consolidate current evidence to further be included in nutritional recommendations.
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