Perfil sociodemográfico, motivações e barreiras de dadores de sangue: um estudo transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25758/set.904Keywords:
Dádiva de sangue, Retenção de dadores, Barreiras, Motivação, Saúde pública, PortugalAbstract
Introdução – A dádiva de sangue é essencial para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde; contudo, o recrutamento e a retenção de dadores continuam a ser um desafio. Este estudo analisa o perfil sociodemográfico, motivações, barreiras e perceção de reconhecimento entre dadores de sangue da Unidade Local de Saúde do Arco Ribeirinho (ULSAR), Portugal. Métodos – Estudo analítico transversal realizado entre setembro e dezembro de 2023, com 627 dadores de sangue que responderam a um questionário estruturado. Foram aplicados estatística descritiva, testes qui-quadrado de Pearson, testes exatos de Fisher e regressões logísticas. Para controlar o erro do tipo I em comparações múltiplas aplicaram-se correções de Bonferroni. Resultados – Os dadores masculinos predominaram levemente (52,9%). A idade média da amostra foi de 42,3 anos (DP=11,95). O altruísmo (74,3%) destacou-se como a principal motivação, com diferenças significativas entre sexos; as mulheres mostraram maior motivação altruísta e maior resposta a apelos mediáticos. As principais barreiras incluíram falta de tempo (42,7%), insuficiente apoio do empregador (22,0%) e medo de agulhas (16,4%). Os dadores mais jovens apresentaram menores taxas de retenção, evidenciando a necessidade de comunicação direcionada. Apenas 56,9% dos dadores sentiram-se suficientemente reconhecidos, revelando insatisfação considerável com o reconhecimento institucional. Conclusão – Intervenções adaptadas às motivações, barreiras e desafios demográficos são fundamentais não só para reforçar a retenção dos dadores atuais, mas também para promover o recrutamento de novos dadores, garantindo a sustentabilidade da dádiva de sangue a longo prazo.
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