Mammography: psychological experience, and radiographer's attitudes and behaviors that promote women's cooperation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25758/set.604Keywords:
Mammography, Anxiety, Pain, Discomfort, Breast cancer, RadiographerAbstract
Mammography is the most effective method available for early detection for breast cancer. Routine screening is being associated with better prognostic, such as, earlier stage disease and mortality reduction. However, mammography is not seen by most women as a more diagnostic test, and many women report having experienced some anxiety, pain and discomfort during breast screening process. Similarly, a high percentage of women failed to conduct regular mammography screening. This article examined the psychological reactions associated with mammography examination and emphasised how radiographers can improve the situation of women attending the breast screening. Radiographer’s intervention such as provision of information before screening, friendly screening atmosphere and empathetic and coping strategies to reduce pain and discomfort and improve power and autonomy in during mammography are also addressed.
Downloads
References
Bastos J, Barros H, Lunet N. Evolução da mortalidade por cancro em Portugal (1955-2002) [Breast cancer mortality trend in Portugal [1955-2002)]. Acta Méd Port. 2007;20(2):139-44. Portuguese
Pontes L, Silva MA, Matoso F. Registo oncológico nacional. Coimbra: Centro Regional Oncológico do Centro; 2009.
Khatib OM, Modjtabai A, editors. Guidelines for the early detection and screening of breast cancer. Cairo: World Health Organization – Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean; 2006. ISBN 9789290214069
Schopper D, de Wolf C. How effective are breast cancer screening programmes by mammography? Review of the current evidence. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(11):1916-23.
Beral V, editor. Screening for breast cancer in England: past and future. Sheffield: NHS Cancer Screening Programmes; 2006. ISBN 1844630269
Vainio H, Bianchini F, editors. Breast cancer screening. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2002. ISBN 9283230078
Boyle P. Mammographic breast cancer screening: after the dust has settled. Breast. 2003;12(6):351-6.
Moss SM, Cuckle H, Evans A, Johns L, Waller M, Bobrow L et al. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality at 10 years' follow-up: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368(9552):2053-60.
Corney R. O desenvolvimento de perícias da comunicação e aconselhamento em medicina. Lisboa: Climepsi; 2000. ISBN 9729590826
Sharp PC, Michieluttte R, Freimanis R, Cunningham L, Sprangler J, Burnette V. Reported pain following mammography screening. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(7):833-6.
Brown W, Pakenham KI. Mammography screening distress and pain: changes over time and relations with breast symptoms, implants and cancer detection concerns. Psychol Health Med. 2004;9(4):403-10.
Brett J, Austoker J, Ong G. Do women who undergo further investigation for breast screening suffer adverse psychological consequences? A multi-centre follow-up study comparing different breast screening result groups five months after their last breast screening appointment. J Public Health Med. 1998;20(4):396-403.
Briere J. Psychological assessment of adult posttraumatic states: phenomenology, diagnosis, and measurement. Washington: American Psychological Association; 1997. ISBN 9781557984036
Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984. ISBN 9780826141910
Hafslund B. Mammography and the experience of pain and anxiety. Radiography. 2000;6(4):269-72.
Brunton M, Jordan C, Campbell I. Anxiety before, during, and after participation in a population-based screening mammography programme in Waikato Province, New Zealand. N Z Med J. 2005;118(1209):U1299..
Mainiero MB, Schepps B, Clements NC, Bird CE. Mammography-related anxiety: effect of preprocedural patient education. Womens Health Issues. 2001;11(2):110-5.
Alderete E, Juarbe TC, Kaplan CP, Pasick R, Pérez-Stable EJ. Depressive symptoms among women with an abnormal mammogram. Psychooncology. 2006;15(1):66-78.
Gupta R, Nayak M, Khoursheed M, Roy S, Behbehani AI. Pain during mammography: impact of breast pathologies and demographic factors. Med Princ Pract. 2003;12(3):180-3.
Sapir R, Patlas M, Strano SD, Hadas-Halpern I, Cherny NI. Does mammography hurt? J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25(1):53-63.
Davey B. Pain during mammography: possible risk factors and ways to alleviate pain. Radiography. 2007;13(3):229-34.
Asghari A, Nicholas MK. Pain during mammography: the role of coping strategies. Pain. 2004;108(1-2):170-9.
Kornguth PJ, Rimer BK, Conaway MR, Sullivan DC, Catoe KE, Stout AL, et al. Impact of patient-controlled compression on the mammography experience. Radiology. 1993;186(1):99-102.
Aro AR, Absetz-Ylöstalo P, Eerola T, Pamilo M, Lönnqvist J. Pain and discomfort during mammography. Eur J Cancer. 1996;32A(10):1674-9.
Dullum JR, Lewis EC, Mayer JA. Rates and correlates of discomfort associated with mammography. Radiology. 2000;214(2):547-52.
Van Goethem M, Mortelmans D, Bruyninckx E, Verslegers I, Biltjes I, Van Hove E, et al. Influence of the radiographer on the pain felt during mammography. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(10):2384-9.
Doyle CA, Stanton MT. Significant factors in patient satisfaction ratings of screening mammography. Radiography. 2002;8(3):159-72.
Bruyninckx E, Mortelmans D, Van Goethem M, Van Hove E. Risk factors of pain in mammographic screening. Soc Sci Med. 1999;49(7):933-41.
Poulos A, Llewellyn G. Mammography discomfort: a holistic perspective derived from women’s experiences. Radiography. 2005;11(1):17-25.
Drossaert CH, Boer H, Seydel ER. Monitoring women’s experiences during three rounds of breast cancer screening: results from a longitudinal study. J Med Screen. 2002;9(4):168-75.
Silverman J. Skills for communication with patients. 2nd ed. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press; 2004. ISBN 9781857756401
Cegala DJ. A study of doctors’ and patients’ communication during a primary care consultation: implications for communication training. J Health Commun. 1997;2(3):169-94.
Hall JA, Roter DL, Blanch DC, Frankel RM. Observer-rated rapport in interactions between medical students and standardized patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;76(3):323-7.
Joyce-Moniz L, Barros L. Psicologia da doença para cuidados de saúde. Lisboa: Edições Asa; 2005. p. 303-21, 358-73. ISBN 9789724141220
Keefe FJ, Hauck ER, Egert J, Rimer B, Kornguth P. Mammography pain and discomfort: a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Pain. 1994;56(3):247-60.
Melo ML. Comunicação com o paciente: certezas e incógnitas. Lisboa: Lusociência; 2004. p. 53-68. ISBN 9789728383862
Reynolds F. Communication and clinical effectiveness in rehabilitation. London: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2004. ISBN 9780750656658
Schofield T. Introduction. In Macdonald E, editor. Difficult conversation in medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004. ISBN 0198527748
Rogers CR, Carmichael L, Dorfman E, Gordon T, Hobbs N. Client-centered therapy: its current practice, implications, and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 1951.
Andrade G, Grilo AM. A relação de ajuda na prestação de cuidados de saúde. Nursing. 2004;15(194):16-21.
Labré EE. Preparación psicológica ante procedimientos de resonancia magnética nuclear. In Angel Simon M, editor. Manual de psicología de la salud: fundamentos, metodología y aplicaciones. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva; 1999. p. 435-47. ISBN 9788470306266
Díaz JL, Barreto P, Gallego JM, Barbero J, Bayés R, Barcia JA. Proper information during the surgical decision-making process lowers the anxiety of patients with high-grade gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151(4):357-62.
Vögele C. Hospitalization and stressful medical procedures. In Kaptein A, Weinman J, editors. Health psychology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2004. p. 288-304. ISBN 9780631214410
Peart O. Helping patients overcome their fear on mammography. Radiol Technol. 1994;66(1):34-8.
Poulos A, McLean D. The application of breast compression in mammography: a new perspective. Radiography. 2004;10(2):131-7.
Gurevich M, Devins GD, Wilson C, McCready D, Marmar CR, Rodin GM. Stress response syndromes in women undergoing mammography: a comparison of women with and without a history of breast cancer. Psychosom Med. 2004;66(1):104-12.
Kornguth PJ, Keefe FJ, Conaway MR. Pain during mammography: characteristics and relationship to demographic and medical variables. Pain. 1996;66(2-3):187-94.
Vaile MS, Calnan M, Rutter DR, Wall B. Breast cancer screening service in three areas: uptake and satisfaction. J Public Health Med. 1993;15(1):37-45.
Elkind A, Eardley A. Consumer satisfaction with breast screening: a pilot study. J Public Health Med. 1990;12(1):15-8.
Carney PA, Harwood BG, Weiss JE, Eliassen MS, Goodrich ME. Factors associated with interval adherence to mammography screening in a population-based sample of New Hampshire Women. Cancer. 2002;95(2):219-27.
Carney PA, Kasales CJ, Tosteson AN, Weiss JE, Goodrich ME, Poplack SP, et al. Likelihood of additional work-up among women undergoing routine screening mammography: the impact of age, breast density, and hormone therapy use. Prev Med. 2004;39(1):48-55.
Ley P. Communication with patients: improving communication, satisfaction and compliance. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes Publishers; 1997.
Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G. Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: The Guilford Press; 1987. ISBN 9780898629194
Joyce-Moniz L. Psicopatologia do desenvolvimento do adolescente e do adulto. Lisboa: McGraw-Hill; 1993.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Saúde e Tecnologia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The journal Saúde & Tecnologia offers immediate free access to its content, following the principle that making scientific knowledge available to the public free of charge provides greater worldwide democratization of knowledge.
The journal Saúde & Tecnologia does not charge authors any submission or article processing charges (APC).
All content is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license. Authors have the right to: reproduce their work in physical or digital form for personal, professional, or teaching use, but not for commercial use (including the sale of the right to access the article); deposit on their website, that of their institution or in a repository an exact copy in electronic format of the article published by Saúde & Tecnologia, provided that reference is made to its publication in Saúde & Tecnologia and its content (including symbols identifying the journal) is not altered; publish in a book of which they are authors or editors the total or partial content of the manuscript, provided that reference is made to its publication in Saúde & Tecnologia.