Impact of Parkinson’s disease on vision: a scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25758/set.583Keywords:
Parkinson's disease, Visual function, Functional vision, Visual-motor dysfunctions, Scoping reviewAbstract
Introduction – Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms, as well as non-motor symptoms at the oculo-visual level. It has an annual incidence rate of 14 patients per 100,000 inhabitants, increasing with age. With an estimated 10 million people in the world population living with the disease. Objectives – The aim of conducting this scoping review is to identify the changes caused by Parkinson’s Disease on Vision, described in the literature based on scientific articles. Methods – The articles selected for this scoping review were collected between November 2020 and January 2021 in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Studies on vision alterations in Parkinson’s disease including articles published in the last five years. Results and Discussion – A total of 104 articles were obtained, and 22 articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The two main visual functions most affected in Parkinson’s disease are contrast sensitivity – changed in a greater number of articles in the intermediate stage, phase 2 (Hoehn and Yahr scale) and from the value 22.4 (ETDRS III scale) – and color vision. The change in visual acuity, the reduction in reading speed resulting from changes in saccadic movements, and the reduction in mobility – phase 3 (Hoehn and Yahr scale) and from value 37 (ETDRS III scale), visual attention and stereopsy were also reported. Changes in functional vision usually appear in the advanced stages of the disease, while in visual function they appear in earlier stages. Conclusions – The oculo-visual dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a non-motor manifestation of Parkinson’s disease, causing changes both in visual function (visual acuity, stereopsis, eye movement and contrast sensitivity and colour vision) and in functional vision (reading and mobility). Further studies should be carried out with the purpose of analyzing the impact of these changes on the quality of life of these patients.
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