Exercise parameters in pregnancy low back pain: systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25758/set.2272Keywords:
Physical exercise, Low back pain, Functional disability, Healthy pregnantAbstract
Introduction – During pregnancy, women experience physiological and biomechanical changes, that may result in low back pain and restrictions in physical and functional activity. Aim – To identify the parameters of physical exercise in low back pain and functional incapacity of the pregnant woman without obstetrical complications. Method – Computerized research of studies published between January 2013 and 26 June 2018 in databases and search engines, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science, SciELO, Cochrane Library, and PEDro to identify randomized controlled articles that included the following terms: ‘physical exercise’ AND ‘low back pain’ AND ‘functional disability’ AND ‘healthy pregnant’ AND ‘randomized controlled trial’. The analysis and selection of articles were carried out by two independent researchers, obtaining a consensus through a third blind investigator. Results – A total of 26,012 articles were identified of which were included five articles that presented the had as a principal outcome of back pain, from these five only three presented the secondary outcome analysis of functional incapacity. The mean of the totality of analyzed articles was 6.2 in 10 points on the PEDro scale. In these studies, participated 817 pregnant women, between the ages of 20 and 40 and with gestational age between the 12th and the 35th week. Aerobic training, muscle strengthening, and relaxation were the most common types of exercise. Exercise parameters varied between studies in frequency (1 to 4 times/week), duration of the session (30 to 60 minutes/session), and time of intervention (4 to 12 weeks), with/without supervision and in-group/individual. After intervention with physical exercise, low back pain intensity was reduced in 4/5 studies and functional disability was reduced in 2/3 studies. Conclusions – The lack of studies did not allow the identification of the parameters of the exercise to reduce low back pain or functional incapacity in pregnant women. However, exercise seems to reduce low back pain during pregnancy.
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