A mamografia: experiência psicológica, atitudes e comportamentos do técnico de radiologia facilitadores da colaboração da mulher

Autores

  • Ana Monteiro Grilo Área Científica de Psicologia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Margarida C. Santos Área Científica de Psicologia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Lisboa, Portugal.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25758/set.604

Palavras-chave:

Mamografia, Ansiedade, Dor, Desconforto, Carcinoma da mama, Técnico de radiologia

Resumo

A mamografia é o método de diagnóstico mais eficaz para deteção precoce de carcinoma da mama. A realização periódica deste exame tem vindo a ser associada a melhores prognósticos como deteção da doença em fases mais precoces e redução de mortalidade. Contudo, a mamografia não é encarada como mais um exame complementar de diagnóstico e constitui, para a maioria das mulheres, uma situação de ameaça. Na verdade, muitas mulheres referem ter experienciado ansiedade, dor ou desconforto durante a realização deste procedimento. Por outro lado, uma percentagem elevada de mulheres falha na realização periódica de mamografias. Este artigo pretende abordar as reações psicológicas associadas ao exame de mamografia e enfatizar a forma como os técnicos de radiologia podem melhorar o atendimento das mulheres que realizam este exame. O papel do técnico de radiologia no fornecimento de informação antes do exame, na criação de uma atmosfera agradável e empática e na utilização de estratégias de confronto para redução de dor e desconforto e na promoção do controlo e autonomia da paciente são alguns dos aspetos abordados.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

Bastos J, Barros H, Lunet N. Evolução da mortalidade por cancro em Portugal (1955-2002) [Breast cancer mortality trend in Portugal [1955-2002)]. Acta Méd Port. 2007;20(2):139-44. Portuguese

Pontes L, Silva MA, Matoso F. Registo oncológico nacional. Coimbra: Centro Regional Oncológico do Centro; 2009.

Khatib OM, Modjtabai A, editors. Guidelines for the early detection and screening of breast cancer. Cairo: World Health Organization – Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean; 2006. ISBN 9789290214069

Schopper D, de Wolf C. How effective are breast cancer screening programmes by mammography? Review of the current evidence. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(11):1916-23.

Beral V, editor. Screening for breast cancer in England: past and future. Sheffield: NHS Cancer Screening Programmes; 2006. ISBN 1844630269

Vainio H, Bianchini F, editors. Breast cancer screening. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2002. ISBN 9283230078

Boyle P. Mammographic breast cancer screening: after the dust has settled. Breast. 2003;12(6):351-6.

Moss SM, Cuckle H, Evans A, Johns L, Waller M, Bobrow L et al. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality at 10 years' follow-up: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;368(9552):2053-60.

Corney R. O desenvolvimento de perícias da comunicação e aconselhamento em medicina. Lisboa: Climepsi; 2000. ISBN 9729590826

Sharp PC, Michieluttte R, Freimanis R, Cunningham L, Sprangler J, Burnette V. Reported pain following mammography screening. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(7):833-6.

Brown W, Pakenham KI. Mammography screening distress and pain: changes over time and relations with breast symptoms, implants and cancer detection concerns. Psychol Health Med. 2004;9(4):403-10.

Brett J, Austoker J, Ong G. Do women who undergo further investigation for breast screening suffer adverse psychological consequences? A multi-centre follow-up study comparing different breast screening result groups five months after their last breast screening appointment. J Public Health Med. 1998;20(4):396-403.

Briere J. Psychological assessment of adult posttraumatic states: phenomenology, diagnosis, and measurement. Washington: American Psychological Association; 1997. ISBN 9781557984036

Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer; 1984. ISBN 9780826141910

Hafslund B. Mammography and the experience of pain and anxiety. Radiography. 2000;6(4):269-72.

Brunton M, Jordan C, Campbell I. Anxiety before, during, and after participation in a population-based screening mammography programme in Waikato Province, New Zealand. N Z Med J. 2005;118(1209):U1299..

Mainiero MB, Schepps B, Clements NC, Bird CE. Mammography-related anxiety: effect of preprocedural patient education. Womens Health Issues. 2001;11(2):110-5.

Alderete E, Juarbe TC, Kaplan CP, Pasick R, Pérez-Stable EJ. Depressive symptoms among women with an abnormal mammogram. Psychooncology. 2006;15(1):66-78.

Gupta R, Nayak M, Khoursheed M, Roy S, Behbehani AI. Pain during mammography: impact of breast pathologies and demographic factors. Med Princ Pract. 2003;12(3):180-3.

Sapir R, Patlas M, Strano SD, Hadas-Halpern I, Cherny NI. Does mammography hurt? J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003;25(1):53-63.

Davey B. Pain during mammography: possible risk factors and ways to alleviate pain. Radiography. 2007;13(3):229-34.

Asghari A, Nicholas MK. Pain during mammography: the role of coping strategies. Pain. 2004;108(1-2):170-9.

Kornguth PJ, Rimer BK, Conaway MR, Sullivan DC, Catoe KE, Stout AL, et al. Impact of patient-controlled compression on the mammography experience. Radiology. 1993;186(1):99-102.

Aro AR, Absetz-Ylöstalo P, Eerola T, Pamilo M, Lönnqvist J. Pain and discomfort during mammography. Eur J Cancer. 1996;32A(10):1674-9.

Dullum JR, Lewis EC, Mayer JA. Rates and correlates of discomfort associated with mammography. Radiology. 2000;214(2):547-52.

Van Goethem M, Mortelmans D, Bruyninckx E, Verslegers I, Biltjes I, Van Hove E, et al. Influence of the radiographer on the pain felt during mammography. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(10):2384-9.

Doyle CA, Stanton MT. Significant factors in patient satisfaction ratings of screening mammography. Radiography. 2002;8(3):159-72.

Bruyninckx E, Mortelmans D, Van Goethem M, Van Hove E. Risk factors of pain in mammographic screening. Soc Sci Med. 1999;49(7):933-41.

Poulos A, Llewellyn G. Mammography discomfort: a holistic perspective derived from women’s experiences. Radiography. 2005;11(1):17-25.

Drossaert CH, Boer H, Seydel ER. Monitoring women’s experiences during three rounds of breast cancer screening: results from a longitudinal study. J Med Screen. 2002;9(4):168-75.

Silverman J. Skills for communication with patients. 2nd ed. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press; 2004. ISBN 9781857756401

Cegala DJ. A study of doctors’ and patients’ communication during a primary care consultation: implications for communication training. J Health Commun. 1997;2(3):169-94.

Hall JA, Roter DL, Blanch DC, Frankel RM. Observer-rated rapport in interactions between medical students and standardized patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;76(3):323-7.

Joyce-Moniz L, Barros L. Psicologia da doença para cuidados de saúde. Lisboa: Edições Asa; 2005. p. 303-21, 358-73. ISBN 9789724141220

Keefe FJ, Hauck ER, Egert J, Rimer B, Kornguth P. Mammography pain and discomfort: a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Pain. 1994;56(3):247-60.

Melo ML. Comunicação com o paciente: certezas e incógnitas. Lisboa: Lusociência; 2004. p. 53-68. ISBN 9789728383862

Reynolds F. Communication and clinical effectiveness in rehabilitation. London: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2004. ISBN 9780750656658

Schofield T. Introduction. In Macdonald E, editor. Difficult conversation in medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004. ISBN 0198527748

Rogers CR, Carmichael L, Dorfman E, Gordon T, Hobbs N. Client-centered therapy: its current practice, implications, and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 1951.

Andrade G, Grilo AM. A relação de ajuda na prestação de cuidados de saúde. Nursing. 2004;15(194):16-21.

Labré EE. Preparación psicológica ante procedimientos de resonancia magnética nuclear. In Angel Simon M, editor. Manual de psicología de la salud: fundamentos, metodología y aplicaciones. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva; 1999. p. 435-47. ISBN 9788470306266

Díaz JL, Barreto P, Gallego JM, Barbero J, Bayés R, Barcia JA. Proper information during the surgical decision-making process lowers the anxiety of patients with high-grade gliomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151(4):357-62.

Vögele C. Hospitalization and stressful medical procedures. In Kaptein A, Weinman J, editors. Health psychology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2004. p. 288-304. ISBN 9780631214410

Peart O. Helping patients overcome their fear on mammography. Radiol Technol. 1994;66(1):34-8.

Poulos A, McLean D. The application of breast compression in mammography: a new perspective. Radiography. 2004;10(2):131-7.

Gurevich M, Devins GD, Wilson C, McCready D, Marmar CR, Rodin GM. Stress response syndromes in women undergoing mammography: a comparison of women with and without a history of breast cancer. Psychosom Med. 2004;66(1):104-12.

Kornguth PJ, Keefe FJ, Conaway MR. Pain during mammography: characteristics and relationship to demographic and medical variables. Pain. 1996;66(2-3):187-94.

Vaile MS, Calnan M, Rutter DR, Wall B. Breast cancer screening service in three areas: uptake and satisfaction. J Public Health Med. 1993;15(1):37-45.

Elkind A, Eardley A. Consumer satisfaction with breast screening: a pilot study. J Public Health Med. 1990;12(1):15-8.

Carney PA, Harwood BG, Weiss JE, Eliassen MS, Goodrich ME. Factors associated with interval adherence to mammography screening in a population-based sample of New Hampshire Women. Cancer. 2002;95(2):219-27.

Carney PA, Kasales CJ, Tosteson AN, Weiss JE, Goodrich ME, Poplack SP, et al. Likelihood of additional work-up among women undergoing routine screening mammography: the impact of age, breast density, and hormone therapy use. Prev Med. 2004;39(1):48-55.

Ley P. Communication with patients: improving communication, satisfaction and compliance. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes Publishers; 1997.

Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G. Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: The Guilford Press; 1987. ISBN 9780898629194

Joyce-Moniz L. Psicopatologia do desenvolvimento do adolescente e do adulto. Lisboa: McGraw-Hill; 1993.

Downloads

Publicado

15-05-2013

Edição

Secção

Artigos

Como Citar

A mamografia: experiência psicológica, atitudes e comportamentos do técnico de radiologia facilitadores da colaboração da mulher. (2013). Saúde & Tecnologia, 09, 24-32. https://doi.org/10.25758/set.604