Sistemas de saúde e participação cidadã: algumas reflexões críticas na perspetiva da sociologia da saúde

Autores

  • Mauro Serapioni Centro de Estudos Sociais, Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra, Portugal.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25758/set.644

Palavras-chave:

Participação pública, Sistemas de saúde, Abordagens deliberativas, Representatividade, Avaliação da participação, Sociologia da saúde

Resumo

Nos últimos dez a quinze anos temos assistido a um aumento do número de iniciativas com a participação da sociedade civil, no sentido de exercer pressão para a reformulação dos direitos sociais. Estes já não são tão vistos como direitos para aceder aos serviços estruturados e administrados pelo Estado (de acordo com o conceito de cidadania de Marshall), mas como uma reivindicação dos cidadãos para terem um papel ativo na definição das políticas públicas e dos serviços. Este debate que tem sido muito intenso entre os cientistas sociais desde a década de 1980 e está bastante presente no sistema de cuidados de saúde. Vários estudos têm salientado a forte tensão entre o tecnicismo da medicina e a organização burocrática do sistema de saúde, por um lado, e o modelo de comunicação quotidiana, por outro lado. De facto, um dos temas centrais das reformas dos cuidados de saúde nos últimos 20 anos centrou-se na valorização da experiência e da perspetiva dos cidadãos. O artigo começa com um breve esboço das novas abordagens sociológicas em torno da relação entre os sistemas sociais e o mundo real – nas dimensões micro e macro; estrutura e ação. Assim, apresenta-se o estado da arte atual sobre a participação nos sistemas de saúde ocidentais, resultante da revisão da literatura, destacando as novas estratégias de envolvimento dos doentes bem como as questões relativas às críticas e às limitações. Para terminar, procede-se a uma reflexão acerca da complexidade da relação entre o sistema de cuidados de saúde e as associações de doentes e utentes.

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15-11-2013

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Sistemas de saúde e participação cidadã: algumas reflexões críticas na perspetiva da sociologia da saúde. (2013). Saúde & Tecnologia, 10, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.25758/set.644